Posts Tagged ‘World Health Organization’

Exhaustion Can Be For Real

Tuesday, October 26th, 2010

Exhaustion can be a real illness, though it's not officially recognized in the United States.The Chicago Symphony Orchestra’s 2010 – 2011 season was barely underway when its new music director, Maestro Riccardo Muti, headed back to Italy to see his physicians in Milan because of what was described as gastric distress.  Muti’s ultimate diagnosis?  Exhaustion and doctor’s orders to spend a month relaxing along Italy’s Adriatic Sea.

Non-celebrities frequently suffer from exhaustion due to lengthy periods of physical stress and a lack of sleep – symptoms that should not be ignored although the condition may not be compatible with the American work ethic.  “Exhaustion is real on many levels, but it’s not part of our medical lexicon,” said Dr. John Stracks, a mind-body specialist who treats chronic pain at Northwestern Memorial Hospital’s Center for Integrative Medicine.  “So when you hear about Muti (being prescribed rest), it seems like a spoof, which speaks to how jaded and hard-driving we are these days.”  Dr. Eve Van Cauter, a sleep researcher and professor at the University of Chicago Medical School, agrees, noting that Americans sleep less and work longer hours than people in other industrialized nations.

“Your mood and your gut function are intimately tied together,” said Dr. Gerard Mullin, a gastroenterologist and professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.  People under stress can have their “flight or fight” response cause an adrenaline surge that can impact food and digestive enzymes, resulting in reflux, heartburn or other abdominal problems.  Exhaustion also can be caused by an undiagnosed illness, such as cancer, low thyroid, anemia or other metabolic abnormalities.  Prescription drugs also can factor in, particularly beta blockers, muscle relaxants and mood stabilizers.

Although the World Health Organization recognizes medical exhaustion resulting from heat, pregnancy, too much exertion, combat, malaise and other conditions, the United States government has not assigned it a diagnostic code.

WHO Officially Bids Farewell to H1N1 Pandemic

Wednesday, August 18th, 2010

After 18,449 deaths, swine flu pandemic is pronounced to be at the end.  The H1N1 flu pandemic is officially at an end, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).  The announcement came months after many nations canceled vaccine orders and shut down telephone hotlines as the illness disappeared from the headlines.  Margaret Chan, the WHO’s director, said that the pandemic had “largely run its course” and that the phase six alert – the highest influenza level – is officially at an end.  “I fully agree with the committee’s advice,” Chan said.  At present, the virus is in the “post-pandemic” phase, meaning disease activity has returned to levels normally seen for seasonal flu bugs.

Chan cautioned against complacency, noting that “It is likely that the virus will continue to cause serious disease in younger age groups”, she said and urged high-risk individuals such as pregnant women to be vaccinated against the disease.  A total of 18,449 people have died across the globe since the H1N1 flu first appeared in April of 2009.  Chan defended her decision to declare swine flu a pandemic, saying it was based on the globally agreed rules that were in place at the time.  “We have been aided by pure good luck,” she said, noting that if the virus had mutated, the death rate would have soared.  Angus Nicoll, flu program coordinator with the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, said the declaration that the pandemic had ended was consistent with the Stockholm-based organization’s views.

An interesting point is that while reports of flu in the northern hemisphere are at seasonal lows, nations in the southern hemisphere (where it is currently winter) show few people are seriously ill with swine flu, Nicoll said.  Still, healthcare workers should get ready for a new seasonal flu that will combine elements of the pandemic H1N1 strain, the older H3N2 strain and additional lesser strains, according to Nicoll, who said “It looks sort of middle of the road at the moment.”

“Lurking in the background we still have H5N1,” Chan said in a reference to the bird flu that has sickened 503 people over seven years and killed 299 of them.  Chan’s advice for the future is for people to get their usual seasonal flu shot this fall to protect against the disease.

Poland Says “No” to H1N1 Vaccine

Monday, February 22nd, 2010

Poland is the globe’s only nation to reject the H1N1 flu vaccine.  Of the world’s 193 recognized sovereign states, only Poland refused the H1N1 vaccine because of safety fears and distrust of the pharmaceutical companies producing the injections. The decision by Prime Minister Donald Tusk and Health Minister Ewa Kopacz had broad public support, even though Poland has reported 145 deaths from H1N1 flu as of mid-January.  Poles saw the vaccine rejection as a praiseworthy act of defiance against pharmaceutical manufacturers, a sentiment bolstered by a growing anti-vaccine movement.

“We are making this decision only in the interest of the Polish patient and the taxpayer,” Tusk said.  “We will not take part because it’s not honest and it’s not safe for the patient.”  The anti-vaccine movement claims that the H1N1 inoculation is untested or contains unsafe ingredients, such as the preservative thimerosal.  The World Health Organization disagrees and points out that more than 150 million people in 40 nations have been vaccinated and suffered no abnormal or dangerous reactions.

The lone Polish official to protest is Janusz Kochanowski, the ombudsman for civil rights, who calls the unavailability of the vaccine an unnecessary risk to the country’s health.  Ironically, Kochanowski himself came down with H1N1 flu over Christmas.  Poland’s response to the vaccine stands in sharp contrast to the United States, where President Barack Obama and his family were inoculated against H1N1 flu to set an example.

“The saving grace for Poland is that this swine flu pandemic is so far very mild.  It would be a big scandal if this were a virus that would cause many deaths,” said Andrew McMichael, an immunologist and director of the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at Oxford.

Switzerland-Style Healthcare System Could be the Solution

Monday, September 28th, 2009

One instructive lesson in reforming American healthcare may be to adopt the Swiss model, which is regulated by the Federal Health Insurance Act of 1994,  and made health insurance compulsory for all residents.  Previously, Switzerland had an American-style system, which became a national outrage when studies revealed that five percent of the population lacked any coverage.

165298519_12e65e294bToday, 99.5 percent of the Swiss people are insured with coverage funded by the individual who generally pays the full cost of premiums. Government subsidies are provided for the poor, with approximately one-third of all Swiss citizens receiving the subsidy.  “These subsidies are designed to prevent any individual from having to pay more than 10 percent of income on insurance.”  All insurance is private and physician compensation is negotiated between the insurance companies and doctors on a canton-by-canton basis.

The down side is that Swiss healthcare is expensive, with costs rising 10 to 20 percent every year.  Monthly health insurance costs for a family with one child can amount to CHF 1,000 ($944).  Deductibles can be adjusted, though, from CHF 300 ($283) to CHF 2,500 ($2,360).  The state will help with the costs if income (married/without children) is around CHF 30,000 ($28,920) or (married/with children) around CHF 60,000 ($56,581).  In those circumstances, the government pays half the cost of insurance.  Options are available that will lower the monthly costs, similar to the American HMO model.  In these plans, the person must consult with their physician prior to seeing a specialist.

“The mix that Switzerland represents between private enterprise and general state regulations that make healthcare accessible to everyone is really an interesting example for the United States,” said Felix Gutzwiller, a Radical Party senator and head of Zurich University’s department of public health.  In Switzerland, administrative costs consume on average five percent of health insurance revenue.  In the United States, it’s closer to 20 percent.

In terms of satisfaction, the World Health Organization puts Switzerland in 20th place in its rankings of healthcare systems around the world.  The United States ranks 37th, sandwiched between Costa Rica and Slovenia.

The Loyal Opposition

Tuesday, July 21st, 2009

The Republican National Committee’s (RNC) response to the Obama Administration’s and Congressional Democrats’ efforts to pass healthcare reform legislation was to sponsor a “Hillarycare revisited” fund raising effort.

The RNC warned against “Obamacare” and pointed out that the government “already run2008-08-23-dnc-081s car companies, banks and mortgage companies.  Republicans believe that the last thing the American people want is government telling them when and where – or even whether – they can get medical treatment for their families.”  “Hillarycare” refers to former President Bill Clinton’s failed attempt at reforming healthcare during the 1990s, an effort led by his wife, Hillary Clinton.

Republicans like John Boehner (R-OH) have raised the specter of a “bureaucrat standing between you and your doctor.”  Perhaps it’s worth considering that we currently have an insurance company bureaucrat performing the same role.  Also, government administered health options are almost uniformly popular.  The World Health Organization ranks France’s healthcare system as the world’s finest, contrasted to the United States, which scored 37th.  The United Kingdom’s combination of publicly and privately funded healthcare ranked 18th in the World Health Organization’s survey.

The WHO Raise the Alert on Swine Flu

Tuesday, May 5th, 2009

In a 24/7 media world, virtually everyone has now heard of the H1N1 – or swine – flu that is popping up in countries as distant as Peru and Switzerland. If they haven’t, they now surely will. World Health Organization (WHO) Director General Margaret Chan has declared a phase 5 alert – which raises the warning to the level of advising nations to prepare for a pandemic — after consulting with international flu experts.swine-flu

This alert might strike some people as alarmist, given that “regular” flu kills 36,000 Americans every year – compared with the single death so far we’ve seen in the United States and the 13 confirmed deaths worldwide so far in the current outbreak. But looking at it more closely, the WHO’s preemptive strike may be motivated more by historical fact than today’s news. The Spanish Influenza of 1918 – 1920, which arrived in a similar time frame, infected 28 percent of all Americans; an estimated 675,000 Americans died of the disease and about 50 million across the globe.  Clearly, this was a different order of pandemic at a time when the global health system was recovering from WWI and ill-equipped to deal with the emergency. But where it bears some resemblance to swine flu is that the first wave of flu appeared early in the spring of 1918. It disappeared over the summer, with the second wave arriving in Boston in September of 1918. With the number of cases expected to grow into the thousands, according to the chief at Mexico City’s National Institute of Respiratory Diseases’ Center for the Investigation of Infectious Diseases in Mexico City, the WHO’s response is understandable and responsible.

The one concern is on behalf of our already burdened health system.  Raising the alert level puts pressure on our emergency rooms especially as people are likely to interpret any flu-like symptoms as signs of H1N1 flu. This is when communication with the public is critical. Representatives of the CDC should be using the copious air time they’re being given not only to report on the level of the contagion but to educate the public about its symptoms and to calm fears.