Posts Tagged ‘earthquake’

There’s A Whole Lot of Shaking Going On

Tuesday, September 6th, 2011

A big shake-up occurred recently in Washington, D.C.,  although it was not of the variety that some would prefer.  The nation’s capital was taken by surprise when it was hit by a 5.9-intensity earthquake that rocked the East Coast and was felt as far away as Boston, North Carolina and even Michigan.  Although early reports said that the Washington Monument was tilting slightly, it was later determined that the stately obelisk only had damage to some of the stone in the pyramid that tops the monument.  Approximately 45 minutes after the 1:51 p.m. quake, Fox News started reporting that it had received reports that the Washington Monument was leaning.  Atlanticwire noted that Twitter “immediately seized on it” and quoted Twitterer Patrick Tansey, as tweeting that “I just walked past the Washington Monument, it’s not tilted at all.” 

The Associated Press reported that “The National Park Service (NPS) says all memorials and monuments on the National Mall were evacuated and closed after an earthquake struck near the nation’s capital.  No damage was reported.”  Park Service spokesman Jeffrey Olson said there was “absolutely no damage” to the Lincoln Memorial or other memorials along the Mall.  According to the NPS, a preliminary inspection shows the Washington Monument to be structurally sound.  But it “is evaluating the structures to ensure that they are structurally sound and safe for all visitors.  The Washington Monument, because of its structural complexities, will remain closed until further notice.  It is possible that the Lincoln Memorial and Jefferson Memorial could open as early as this evening after preliminary inspection.  The Old Post Office Tower will open on Wednesday morning.” 

One Washington landmark was damaged in the quake.  Washington National Cathedral, an impressive Gothic structure favored by tourists, suffered what is being termed as “significant” damage.  “The building will retain structural integrity,  but the damage to the central tower is quite significant,” Cathedral spokesman Richard Weinberg said, noting that engineers and stonemasons are assessing the full extent of the damage, how costly the repairs will be and when the cathedral might reopen. 

The quake was shallow, occurring three miles below the earth’s surface.  Washington Metro and commuter rail services ran normally the next morning, but authorities closed several government buildings pending damage inspections.  These include the Departments of Agriculture, Homeland Security and Interior.  The Labor Department and Health and Human Services buildings were closed at first but later reopened.  D.C. public schools were closed, in addition to schools in several districts in Virginia and Maryland.

Not surprisingly, there were some initial fears that terrorists had struck the region as office workers were evacuated from their buildings.  “In Washington, 10 years later, every day is September 12,” Marc Fisher.  “When the office ceiling shifts to and fro, and the pens and cups fall off the desk, it’s scary enough. But in a terror-scarred city, thoughts go immediately to evil attack rather than natural disaster.”  Or, as the Los Angeles Times says, “when a building shakes in Washington, ‘earthquake’ does not spring to mind.  Instead, as the magnitude 5.9 earthquake shook the capital on Tuesday, it sparked immediate fears of a terrorist attack for congressional staff members accustomed to repeated warnings about man-made threats.” 

“At first we weren’t sure exactly what it was, but as we heard the Capitol Police officers and other staff shouting evacuation orders, we knew it was serious,” said congressional staffer Rachel Semmel, who fled without her keys or wallet.  “For a brief moment during evacuation, it was very scary.” 

Senate Sergeant at Arms Terrance Gainer said that some buildings in the Capitol complex sustained structural damage and “a couple minor twisted ankles.  Aside from people being a little bit anxious and nervous,” most Capitol complex employees are fine, Gainer said. 

To watch the White House shake during the earthquake, click here.

Chile, Haiti Earthquakes Point to Need for Quake-Proof Buildings

Monday, March 22nd, 2010

Civil engineers can design buildings that don’t collapse when the earth’s tectonic plates shift.  Two massive earthquakes in a single month – an 8.8 trembler in Chile and a 7.0 quake in Haiti – have raised the question of whether engineers can design buildings that don’t crumble when the earth’s tectonic plates crash against one another. Although the simple answer is that the technology exists to make buildings almost earthquake-proof, the cost of rebuilding sprawling cities that are hundreds of years old would be prohibitively expensive.

“Most disasters are created by human beings.  It’s how we build and where we build that creates the hazard, the disaster,” said Michael Armstrong, senior vice president of the International Code Council, a non-profit organization that develops building codes.  “Earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, floods are going to occur, but there are ways in terms of where we build and how we build that can reduce the impact.”

Essentially, the technology that prevents buildings from collapsing during earthquakes works by making buildings stronger or more flexible so they sway and slide rather than crumble.  For nearly three decades, engineers have constructed skyscrapers that float on systems of ball bearings, springs and padded cylinders.  Because these buildings don’t sit directly on the earth, they are protected from some earthquakes.  During a major earthquake they may sway a few feet in synch with the tremor.

Mehmet Celebi, a senior research civil engineer with the U.S. Geological Survey, pointed to a striking example where buildings constructed with base isolation performed exceptionally in earthquakes while others did not.  Base isolation is a collection of structural elements which should substantially decouple a superstructure from its substructure resting on a shaking ground, thus protecting a building‘s structural integrity.  He cited a University of Southern California hospital in Los Angeles that came through the 1994 Northridge earthquake with no damage.  A nearby hospital that did not incorporate the same technology suffered significant damage.

Chilean Earthquake Shortened Day, Knocked Earth Off Its Axis

Tuesday, March 9th, 2010

Chile’s 8.8 magnitude earthquake shortened the day by 1.26 microseconds, knocked earth three inches off its axis.  The 8.8 magnitude Chilean earthquake was so strong that it literally knocked the earth off its axis – permanently. Richard Gross, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab, calculated that the earth’s rotation changed so that the length of our day is now roughly 1.26 microseconds shorter.  A microsecond is equivalent to one millionth of a second.  The Chilean quake also shifted earth’s figure axis (the axis on which our planet’s mass is balanced) by three inches.

By contrast, the 9.1 magnitude 2004 Sumatran earthquake shifted the earth’s axis by 2.76 inches and made the day shorter by 6.8 microseconds.  The larger shift in the earth’s axis as the result of a slightly smaller earthquake is because the Chilean trembler occurred in the earth’s mid-latitudes.  The fault responsible for Chile’s quake also cuts more deeply into the earth and at a steeper angle than in Sumatra.  Haiti’s 7.0 January earthquake, which occurred close to the surface, had no impact on the earth’s rotation.

Texting to Save Haiti

Tuesday, January 19th, 2010

Texting for Haiti a bold new way to donate money to earthquake relief.Text “HAITI” to 90999  on your cell phone and $10 will be donated to the American Red Cross for earthquake relief in the Western Hemisphere’s poorest nation.  That $10 donation will appear on your next cell phone bill – a quick and painless way to speed relief to a country reeling in the face of 7.0-magnitude quake that leveled much of the capital city of Port-au-Prince.

According to National Public Radio, “This is the first time that there has been a massive giving via text message in the United States.  mGive is the company that’s been working with charitable organizations to set up this donation method.  Tony Aiello, the CEO, says “people are used to interacting with local news sites via cell phone and text message.”  So far, the Red Cross has raised more than $4.7 million for Haitian relief, a number that is expected to grow.

Haitian musician Wyclef Jean, who runs the Yele Haiti charity, asked his Twitter followers to text “YELE” to 501501 to automatically donate $5.  So many responded that the website crashed for a time.

Charities are certain to look back on the Haitian earthquake as a game-changing event, the time when cell phones and social media came into their own as fundraising techniques.  The question is whether social media and new technologies generate more donations, or simply redirects contributions that otherwise would have been made online or by mail.